Social Reform Movements

• Raja Ram Mohan Roy
• Akbar II gave the title of 'Raja' to Ram Mohan Roy
• Indian Renaissance leader
• Wrote 'A gift to monotheists'
• Newspaper - Sambad Kaumudi/Miratul Akbar
• 1815 - Founded Atmiya Sabha
• 1820 - Precepts of Jesus
• 1828 - Founded Brahmo Samaj (reformist)
• Campaigned against Sati. In 1829, sati was abolished by Lord William Bentick
• 1843 - After death of Roy, Debendranath Tagore carried forward (Tatwabodhini Sabha, Tatwabodhini Patrika)
• Tatwabodhini Sabha was a group founded in Calcutta on 6 October 1839
• The founding member was Debendranath Tagore (eldest son of influential entrepreneur Dwarkanath Tagore)
• 1866 - Split in Brahmo Samaj
• Brahmo Samaj of India - Keshab Chandra Sen
• Adi Brahmo Samaj - Debendranath Tagore
• Raja Radhakant Deb organized Hindu Dharma Sabha (revivalist) to counter Brahmo Samaj propaganda
• Veda Samaj - Madras 1864 - Sridharly Naidu and Keshab Chandra Sen 
• Veda Samaj is known as Brahmo Samaj of South

• Atmaram Pandurang
• Founded - Prarthana Samaj - 1867
• Two great members of this Samaj were R.C. Bhandarkar and Justice Mahadev Govind Ranade
• Mahadev Govind Ranade was the founder of the Widow Remarriage Association (1861) and the Deccan Education Society. He along with G.V Joshi established the Poona Sarvajanik Sabha (1870) as well

• Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar 
• Opened Sanskrit college to non-Brahmin students 
• Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar was the most prominent campaigner of widow remarriage
• Campaigned against child marriage, polygamy
• Shome Prakash - Newspaper

• Swami Dayananda Saraswati
• Original Name - Mool Shankar Tiwari
• Book - India for the Indians
• Founded Arya Samaj (1875) - Go back to Vedas
• The Arya Samaj started the shuddhi (purification) movement to bring back the people who transformed their religion to Islam and Christianity from Hinduism
• Satyartha Prakash - Book

• Swami Vivekananda
• Original name - Narendranath Dutta
• Founded Ramakrishna Mission - 1897
• Parliament of Religions - Chicago - 1893
• Swami Vivekananda represented Ancient Indian Religious Thought & Philosophy, introducing Hinduism

• Theosophical Society - 1875
• Founded by H.P. Blavatsky and Col. H.S Olcott

• Satyashodhak Samaj (Truth Seekers' Society) - 1873 
• Jyotiba Phule and Savitribai Phule
• Against upper caste domination 
• Jyotiba Phule’s works - Sarvajanik Satyadharma, Gulamgiri (Marathi), Shetkaryacha Asud (Marathi)

• Self-Respect Movement
• Founded in 1925 by S. Ramanathan who invited E. V. Ramasamy (also known as Periyar) to head the movement in Tamil Nadu against Brahminism. 

• Young Bengal Movement - Henry Vivian Derozia
• Led by thinkers of the Hindu College of Calcutta

• Servants of Indian Society - Gopal Krishna Gokhale
• Fairazi Movement - Bengal - Haji Shariatulla - 1818
• Deoband Movement - Mohammed Qasim Nanutavi
• Aligarh Movement - North India - 1875
• Led by Syed Ahmed Khan 
• To establish a modern system of Western-style scientific education for the Muslim population of British India
• Muhammadan Anglo-Oriental College - Founded by Syed Ahmed Khan in 1875 (now AMU)
• Ahmadiyya Movement - Faridkot - Mirzaghulam Ahmed