Delhi Sultanate

Delhi Sultanate (1206-1526)

Slave/Mamluk/Ilbari Dynasty (1206-1290AD)

Qutub-ud-din Aibak established slave dynasty
aka Laksh Baksh
Aibak was slave of Mohammed Ghori
1st capital - Lahore
Imposed jizya tax on Non-Muslims
He constructed Quwwat-ul-Islam mosque in Delhi in commemoration of Islam’s victory in India
He constructed Adhai din ka-Jhompra mosque in Ajmer
He started the construction of Qutub Minar, dedicated to Sufi saint Khwaja Qutbuddin Bhaktiyar kaki
Taj-ul-mazir - book about Aibak by Hassan Nizam
Died while playing polo/chaugan

aka Ulugh Khan
Described himself as "Shadow of God"
He abolished Chahalghani
Introduced Persian customs and traditions such as sizda (prostration before monarch), paibas (kissing feet of sultan), jamnibas (kissing hands), Naurauz (Persian new year)
He established defense/military department known as Diwan-i-Ariz
Balban dealt Mongol issue with blood and iron policy
Ghiyas-ud-din Balban was the first Muslim ruler to formulate the 'theory of kingship' similar to the 'theory of the divine right of the kings'
Tomb of Balban - Delhi

Khilji dynasty (1290-1320AD) - Least ruling dynasty

Devagiri was first south Indian state to receive Islamic invasion
Alauddin’s Chittore campaign (1303) was described in the book Padmavath written by Malik Muhammed Jayasi
Introduced huliya (register for horses), dagh (branding of horses), chehra (biometric of soldiers)
Shahna-i-mandi - market officer
Sarai-i-Adl - cloth market
Diwan-i-riyasat - to fix the price of commodities/market control
Alauddin inscribed the title sikandar-e-saini (2nd Alexander) on his coins
Ala'i Darwaza - Southern gateway of the Quwwat-ul-Islam Mosque was built by Alauddin Khilji
Constructed, Hauz Khaz (Delhi), Siri Fort (Delhi), Hazar Sutun (Thousand pillar palace)
Last Khilji ruler - Qutubuddin Mubarak Khilji

Tughlaq dynasty (1320-1413AD) (Longest ruling dynasty)

Aka Jauna Khan/Tulugh Khan
Known as Wisest Fool/Mixture of opposites
Transfer of capital from Delhi to Devagiri
Introduced token currency
Taxation in doab of Ganges and Yamuna
Issued maximum number of coins ('Prince of Moneyers')
Ibn Batuta, a Moroccan traveler visited Tughlaq. He recorded his observation in his book Qitab-ul-Rihla and Safar namah
A separate department for agriculture, Diwan-i-Kohi was established
Vijayanagara kingdom & Bahmani kingdom was formed during his reign
Completed Tughlaqabad fort and renamed it as Jahanpanah
Ruler with most number of provinces (23)

Imposed Jizya tax even on brahmins
Imposed water cess haq-i-shrib
The British called him the ‘father of the irrigation department’ because of the many gardens and canals that he built
He established the Diwan-i-Khairat — office for charity
He established the Diwan-i-Bundagan — department of slave
Established Kotla Fort in Delhi, Firozabad, Fatehabad, Hissar, Jaunpur, Ferozpur
He adopted the Iqtadari framework
He established hospitals known as Darul-Shifa, Bimaristan or Shifa Khana. Because of all these, he was called as Sultan of constructions
Ziauddin Barani wrote Tarikh-i-Firoz Shahi, Fatwa-i-Jahandari

Sayyid dynasty (1414-1451AD)

Founded by Khizr Khan
Called himself as Rayat-i-ala
Mubarak Shah was the son of Khizr Khan who constructed Mubarakabad on the banks of Yamuna
The last ruler of the Sayyid dynasty, Alauddin Alam Shah was defeated by Bahlul Lodi, who started the Lodi dynasty

Lodi Dynasty (1451-1526AD)

Sikander Lodi (Nizam Khan) constructed Agra city and shifted the capital from Delhi to Agra in 1504

Unit of measurement - gaz-i-sikandari
He demolished Jwalamukhi temple in Nagarkot
Lahjat-i-Sikandar Shahi, written by Nazim Ahmad during the reign of Sultan Sikandar Lodi
Krishnadevraya was emperor of Vijayanagara in southern India during this time
Last ruler - Ibrahim Lodi

Babar defeated and killed Ibrahim Lodi in the first battle of Panipat in 1526 AD and started Mughal rule in India

SSC Notes & Knowledge Corner